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Fil:The Smiths 1985.jpg

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Skildring

Skildring
English: The Smiths, circa 1985. From left to right; Andy Rourke, Morrissey, Johnny Marr, and Mike Joyce.
Dato
Kjelde 991.com No copyright markings visible with photo.
Higher resolution photo scan here.
Opphavsperson Paul Cox (photographer). Distributed by Sire Records
Løyve
(Gjenbruk av denne fila)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."


Lisensiering:

This image is in the public domain because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
Public domain
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1978 and March 1, 1989 without a copyright notice, and its copyright was not subsequently registered with the U.S. Copyright Office within 5 years. Unless its author has been dead for several years, it is copyrighted in the countries or areas that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works, such as Canada (50 pma), Mainland China (50 pma, not Hong Kong or Macau), Germany (70 pma), Mexico (100 pma), Switzerland (70 pma), and other countries with individual treaties. See this page for further explanation.

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This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.

Note: This tag applies to scans and photocopies only. For photographs of public domain originals taken from afar, {{PD-Art}} may be applicable. See Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.
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Dato/klokkeslettMiniatyrbileteOppløysingBrukarKommentar
gjeldande6. mars 2023 kl. 06:44Miniatyrbilete av versjonen frå 6. mars 2023 kl. 06:441 024 × 800 (154 KB)PascalHDCropped 24 % vertically using CropTool with precise mode.
6. mars 2023 kl. 06:43Miniatyrbilete av versjonen frå 6. mars 2023 kl. 06:431 024 × 1 046 (200 KB)PascalHDhq
6. mars 2023 kl. 06:39Miniatyrbilete av versjonen frå 6. mars 2023 kl. 06:39500 × 622 (28 KB)PascalHDUploaded a work by Sire Records from https://991.com/Buy/ProductInformation.aspx?StockNumber=66423 with UploadWizard

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