Stoney

	Stoney; Nakoda, nakota, isga
Klassifisering	Siouxspråk; Vestlege siouxspråk; Mississippi Valley-siouxspråk; Dakotaspråk
Talarar	Nakotafolk: Stoney
	Bruk
Stoneytalande i alt	3 025 (2016)
	Språkkodar
ISO 639-3	sto
Glottolog	ston1242

Stoney, også kalla nakota, nakoda, isga, og tidlegare Alberta Assiniboine, er eit språk i dakotagruppa i mississippidalspråka innafor siouxspråka.^[1] Dakotaspråka utgjer eit dialektkontinuum som består av santee-sisseton (dakota), yankton-yanktonai (dakota), teton (lakota), assiniboine og stoney.^[2]

Stoney er den av dakotadialektane som skil seg mest frå dei andre.^[3] Stoneyfolket er det einaste sioux-folket som bur berre i Canada,^[2] og stoney blir snakka av fem ulike grupper i Alberta.^[4]^[5]

Slektskap med assiniboine

Det næraste slektspråket til stoney er assiniboine.^[6] Språka er ikkje innbyrdes forståelege. Stoney kan ha utvikla seg frå assiniboine, eller så kan både stoney og assiniboine ha utvikla seg frå eit felles opphavsspråk.^[7]^[8]

Fonologi

Foneminventaret i Morley Stoney, i Morleyreservatet, er vist her:

Morley Stoney-konsonantar^[9]
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Faryngeal	Glottal
Lukkelyd	ustemt	p	t			k
Lukkelyd	stemt		d			g
Affrikat	ustemt			t͡ʃ
Affrikat	stemt			d͡ʒ
Frikativ	ustemt		s	ʃ			ħ	h
Frikativ	stemt		z	ʒ			ʕ
Nasal		m	n
Approksimant		w			j

Morley Stoney-vokalar^[10]
	Fremre	Sentrale	Bakre
Høge	i, ĩ		u, ũ
Midtre	e		o
Låge		a, ã

Samanlikn dette med nakota snakka i Alexis-reservatet:

Konsonantar i stoney snakka i Alexis^[11]
	Bilabial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stops	p, pʰ, pʼ	t, tʰ, tʼ		k, kʰ, kʼ	ʔ
Affrikatar			t͡ʃ, t͡ʃʰ, t͡ʃʼ
Frikativar		s, z	ʃ, ʒ	x, ɣ	h
Nasalar	m	n
Glidelydar	w		j

Vokalar i stoney snakka i Alexis^[12]
	Fremre	Sentrale	Bakre
Høg	i, ī, ĩ		u, ū, ũ
Midtre	e, ē, ẽ		o, ō, õ
Låg		a, ā, ã

Skriftsystem

Stoneyalfabet (Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation)
a	â	aa	b	c	c'	d	e	ê	ee	g	h	i	î	ii	j	k	k'	m	n	o	ô	oo	p	p'	r	s	sh	t	t'	u	û	uu	w	x	y	z	zh	?

Word Set (includes numbers)

Nokre vanlege ord

ein — wazhi

to — nûm

tre — yamnî

fire — ktusa

fem — zaptâ

mann — wîca

kvinne — wîyâ

sol — wa

måne — hâwi

vatn — mini

Fonologiske skilnader mellom stoney og andre dakotaspråk

Tabellen viser skilnaden mellom stoney, assiniboine, og dei tre sioux-dialektane lakota, yankton-yanktonai og santee-sisseton.^[13]^[14]

Sioux					Assiniboine	Stoney
Lakota	Vestdakota		Austdakota				Omsetjing
	Yanktonai	Yankton	Sisseton	Santee
Lakȟóta	Dakȟóta		Dakhóta		Nakhóta	Nakhóda	sjølvnamn
lowáŋ	dowáŋ		dowáŋ		nowáŋ		å synge
ló	dó		dó		nó		stadfesting
čísčila	čísčina		čístina		čúsina	čúsin	liten
hokšíla	hokšína		hokšína	hokšída	hokšína	hokšín	gut
gnayáŋ	gnayáŋ	knayáŋ	hnayáŋ		knayáŋ	hna	overtyde
glépa	gdépa	kdépa	hdépa		knépa	hnéba	kaste opp
kigná	kigná	kikná	kihná		kikná	gihná	trøyste
slayá	sdayá		sdayá		snayá	snayá	smøre
wičháša	wičháša		wičhášta		wičhášta	wičhá	mann
kibléza	kibdéza		kibdéza		kimnéza	gimnéza	bli edru
yatkáŋ	yatkáŋ		yatkáŋ		yatkáŋ	yatkáŋ	drikke
hé	hé		hé		žé	žé	at

Kjelder

↑ Parks, Douglas R.; Rankin, Robert L. (2001). «Siouan languages». I DeMaille, Raymond J.; Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 13: Plains. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. s. 94–114.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Parks, Douglas R.; DeMallie, Raymond J. (1992). «Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects: A Classification». Anthropological Linguistics 34 (1/4): 233–255. JSTOR 30028376.
↑ Taylor, Alan R. (1981). «Variation in Canadian Assiniboine». Siouan and Caddoan Linguistics Newsletter.
↑ Andersen, Raoul R. (1968). An inquiry into the political and economic structures of the Alexis band of Wood Stoney Indians, 1880-1964. Columbia: University of Missouri PhD dissertation.
↑ Taylor, Alan R. (1981). «Variation in Canadian Assiniboine». Siouan and Caddoan Linguistics Newsletter.
↑ DeMallie, Raymond; Miller, David Reed (2001). «Assiniboine». I DeMaille, Raymond J.; Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 13: Plains. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. s. 572–595.
↑ Cook, Eung-Do; Owens, Camille C. (1991). «Conservative and innovative features in Alexis Stoney». Papers from the American Indian Languages Conferences Held at the University of California, Santa Cruz, July and August 1991.: 135–146.
↑ Erdman, Corrie Lee Rhyasen (1997). Stress in Stoney. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.
↑ Bellam, Ernest Jay (1975). Studies in Stoney phonology and morphology. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.
↑ Bellam, Ernest Jay (1975). Studies in Stoney phonology and morphology. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.
↑ Erdman, Corrie Lee Rhyasen (1997). Stress in Stoney. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.
↑ Erdman, Corrie Lee Rhyasen (1997). Stress in Stoney. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.
↑ Ullrich, Jan (2008). New Lakota Dictionary (Incorporating the Dakota Dialects of Yankton-Yanktonai and Santee-Sisseton). Lakota Language Consortium. s. 4. ISBN 978-0-9761082-9-0. To be precise, Ullrich states that Stoney "is completely unintelligible to Lakota and Dakota speakers", while Assiniboine is not comprehensible to them, "unless they have been exposed to it extensively" (p. 2).
↑ Parks, Douglas R.; DeMallie, Raymond J. (1992). «Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects: A Classification». Anthropological Linguistics 34 (1/4): 233–255. JSTOR 30028376.

Bakgrunnsstoff

[Parks2001-1] Parks, Douglas R.; Rankin, Robert L. (2001). «Siouan languages». I DeMaille, Raymond J.; Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 13: Plains. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. s. 94–114.

[Parks1992-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Parks, Douglas R.; DeMallie, Raymond J. (1992). «Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects: A Classification». Anthropological Linguistics 34 (1/4): 233–255. JSTOR 30028376.

[3] Taylor, Alan R. (1981). «Variation in Canadian Assiniboine». Siouan and Caddoan Linguistics Newsletter.

[4] Andersen, Raoul R. (1968). An inquiry into the political and economic structures of the Alexis band of Wood Stoney Indians, 1880-1964. Columbia: University of Missouri PhD dissertation.

[5] Taylor, Alan R. (1981). «Variation in Canadian Assiniboine». Siouan and Caddoan Linguistics Newsletter.

[6] DeMallie, Raymond; Miller, David Reed (2001). «Assiniboine». I DeMaille, Raymond J.; Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 13: Plains. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. s. 572–595.

[7] Cook, Eung-Do; Owens, Camille C. (1991). «Conservative and innovative features in Alexis Stoney». Papers from the American Indian Languages Conferences Held at the University of California, Santa Cruz, July and August 1991.: 135–146.

[Erdman1997-8] Erdman, Corrie Lee Rhyasen (1997). Stress in Stoney. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.

[:0-9] Bellam, Ernest Jay (1975). Studies in Stoney phonology and morphology. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.

[:02-10] Bellam, Ernest Jay (1975). Studies in Stoney phonology and morphology. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.

[Erdman19972-11] Erdman, Corrie Lee Rhyasen (1997). Stress in Stoney. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.

[Erdman19973-12] Erdman, Corrie Lee Rhyasen (1997). Stress in Stoney. Calgary: University of Calgary MA thesis.

[13] Ullrich, Jan (2008). New Lakota Dictionary (Incorporating the Dakota Dialects of Yankton-Yanktonai and Santee-Sisseton). Lakota Language Consortium. s. 4. ISBN 978-0-9761082-9-0. To be precise, Ullrich states that Stoney "is completely unintelligible to Lakota and Dakota speakers", while Assiniboine is not comprehensible to them, "unless they have been exposed to it extensively" (p. 2).

[Parks19922-14] Parks, Douglas R.; DeMallie, Raymond J. (1992). «Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects: A Classification». Anthropological Linguistics 34 (1/4): 233–255. JSTOR 30028376.

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Stoney Nakoda, nakota, isga
Klassifisering	Siouxspråk Vestlege siouxspråk Mississippi Valley-siouxspråk Dakotaspråk
Talarar	Nakotafolk: Stoney
Bruk
Stoneytalande i alt	3 025 (2016)
Språkkodar
ISO 639-3	sto
Glottolog	`ston1242`