Bladsongarar

Bladsongarer er ca. 77 små insektetande fugleartar som utgjer den biologiske slekta Phylloscopus. Utbreiingsområdet er Afrika, Asia og Europa. Dessutan hekkar arten lappsongar i Alaska i tillegg til i Eurasia. Kjente bladsongarar i Noreg er lauvsongar, gransongar og bøksongar.

Bladsongarar
Bøksongar, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Systematikk
Rike:	Dyr Animalia
Rekkje:	Ryggstrengdyr Chordata
Underrekkje:	Virveldyr Vertebrata
Klasse:	Fuglar Aves
Orden:	Sporvefuglar Passeriformes
Underorden:	Passeri
Familie:	Bladsongarfamilien Phylloscopidae
Slekt:	Bladsongarar Phylloscopus F. Boie, 1826

Bladsongarar er aktive, i konstant rørsle, og aldri langt frå tre, normalt i ganske ope skogsterreng heller enn i tette plantasjar. Dei lever i alle område av trea frå toppen av trekrona ned til underskogen. Dei fleste av artane er markert territoriale både sommar og vinter. Dei fleste er grønlege eller brunaktige på oversida og lyst grå eller gulaktig nedanfor. Artar som hekkar i tempererte område er vanlegvis sterke trekkfuglar.

Samansettinga av artar gjer Phylloscopus polyfyletisk med omsyn til Seicercus. Derfor kan ein vente at fleire artar blir flytta ut frå denne slekta. Slekta var tidlegare plassert i oppsamlingstaksonet songarfamilien, men er no flytta inn i ein ny familie Phylloscopidae, (Alström et al. 2006) med norsk namn bladsongarfamilien.

Artslista

Bladsongarar i rekkjefølgje etter eBird/Clements Checklist v2019 med norske namn etter Norske navn på verdens fugler:

• Bøksongar, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Wood WarblerBechstein, 1793, (LC)
• Eikesongar, Phylloscopus bonelli, Western Bonelli's WarblerVieillot, 1819, (LC)
• Furusongar, Phylloscopus orientalis, Eastern Bonelli's WarblerBrehm, 1855, (LC)
• Gråstrupesongar, Phylloscopus maculipennis, Ashy-throated WarblerBlyth, 1867, (LC)
• Rododendronsongar, Phylloscopus pulcher, Buff-barred WarblerBlyth, 1845, (LC)
• Gulbrynsongar, Phylloscopus inornatus, Yellow-browed WarblerBlyth, 1842, (LC)
• Bleikbrynsongar, Phylloscopus humei, Hume's WarblerBrooks, 1878, (LC)
• Hindukushsongar, Phylloscopus subviridis, Brooks's Leaf WarblerBrooks, 1872, (LC)
• Mandarinsongar, Phylloscopus yunnanensis, Chinese Leaf WarblerAlström, Olsson & Colston, 1992, (LC)
• Fuglekongesongar, Phylloscopus proregulus, Pallas's Leaf WarblerPallas, 1811, (LC)
• Gansusongar, Phylloscopus kansuensis, Gansu Leaf WarblerMeise, 1933, (LC)
• Bleikgumpsongar, Phylloscopus chloronotus, Lemon-rumped WarblerGray & Gray, 1846, (LC)
• Sichuansongar, Phylloscopus forresti, Sichuan Leaf WarblerRothschild, 1921, (LC)
• Kashmirsongar, Phylloscopus tytleri, Tytler's Leaf WarblerBrooks, 1872, (NT)
• Viersongar, Phylloscopus schwarzi, Radde's WarblerRadde, 1863, (LC)
• Gulstreksongar, Phylloscopus armandii, Yellow-streaked WarblerMilne-Edwards, 1865, (LC)
• Steinsongar, Phylloscopus griseolus, Sulphur-bellied WarblerBlyth, 1847, (LC)
• Skrentsongar, Phylloscopus affinis, Tickell's Leaf WarblerTickell, 1833, (LC)
• Qinghaisongar, Phylloscopus occisinensis, Alpine Leaf WarblerMartens, J, Sun & Päckert, 2008
• Brunsongar, Phylloscopus fuscatus, Dusky WarblerBlyth, 1842, (LC)
• Sotsongar, Phylloscopus fuligiventer, Smoky WarblerHodgson, 1845, (LC)
• Persersongar, Phylloscopus neglectus, Plain Leaf WarblerHume, 1870, (LC)
• Lisongar, Phylloscopus subaffinis, Buff-throated WarblerOgilvie-Grant, 1900, (LC)
• Lauvsongar, Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Warbler, Linné, 1758, (LC)
• Fjellgransongar, Phylloscopus sindianus, Mountain Chiffchaff, Brooks, 1879, (LC)
• Kanarigransongar, Phylloscopus canariensis, Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Hartwig, 1886, (LC)
• Gransongar, Phylloscopus collybita, Common Chiffchaff, Vieillot, 1817, (LC)
• Iberiagransongar, Phylloscopus ibericus, Iberian Chiffchaff, Ticehurst, 1937, (LC)
• Sitronstrupesongar, Phylloscopus cebuensis, Lemon-throated Leaf Warbler, Dubois, 1900, (LC)
• Filippinarsongar, Phylloscopus olivaceus, Philippine Leaf Warbler, Moseley, 1891, (LC)
• Austkronsongar, Phylloscopus coronatus, Eastern Crowned Warbler, Temminck & Schlegel, 1847, (LC)
• Izusongar, Phylloscopus ijimae, Ijima's Leaf Warbler, Stejneger, 1882, (VU)
• Umbrasongar, Phylloscopus umbrovirens, Brown Woodland-Warbler, Rüppell, 1840, (LC)
• Gulstrupesongar, Phylloscopus ruficapilla, Yellow-throated Woodland-Warbler, Sundevall, 1850, (LC)
• Tutsisongar, Phylloscopus laetus, Red-faced Woodland-Warbler, Sharpe, 1902, (LC)
• Shabasongar, Phylloscopus laurae, Laura's Woodland-Warbler, Boulton, 1931, (LC)
• Svartkronesongar, Phylloscopus herberti, Black-capped Woodland-Warbler, Alexander, 1903, (LC)
• Budongosongar, Phylloscopus budongoensis, Uganda Woodland-Warbler, Seth-Smith, 1907, (LC)
• Kvitbrillesongar, Phylloscopus intermedius, White-spectacled Warbler, La Touche, 1898, (LC)
• Gråkinnsongar, Phylloscopus poliogenys, Gray-cheeked Warbler, Blyth, 1847, (LC)
• Gulbrillesongar, Phylloscopus burkii, Green-crowned Warbler, E. Burton, 1836, (LC)
• Gråkronesongar, Phylloscopus tephrocephalus, Gray-crowned Warbler, Anderson, 1871, (LC)
• Himalayasongar, Phylloscopus whistleri, Whistler's Warbler, Ticehurst, 1925, (LC)
• Mosesongar, Phylloscopus valentini, Bianchi's Warbler, E. Hartert, 1907, (LC)
• Sitronsongar, Phylloscopus omeiensis, Martens's Warbler, Martens, Eck, Päckert & Sun, 1999, (LC)
• Systersongar, Phylloscopus soror, Alström's Warbler, Alström & Olsson, 1999, (LC)
• Einersongar, Phylloscopus nitidus, Green Warbler, Blyth, 1843, (LC)
• Austsongar, Phylloscopus trochiloides, Greenish Warbler, Sundevall, 1837, (LC)
• Ospesongar, Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus, Two-barred Warbler, Sundevall, 1837, (LC)
• Emeisongar, Phylloscopus emeiensis, Emei Leaf Warbler, Alström & Olsson, 1995, (LC)
• Glennesongar, Phylloscopus magnirostris, Large-billed Leaf Warbler, Blyth, 1843, (LC)
• Ussurisongar, Phylloscopus tenellipes, Pale-legged Leaf Warbler, Swinhoe, 1860, (LC)
• Ainosongar, Phylloscopus borealoides, Sakhalin Leaf Warbler, Portenko, 1950, (LC)
• Honshusongar, Phylloscopus xanthodryas, Japanese Leaf Warbler, Swinhoe, 1863, (LC)
• Lappsongar, Phylloscopus borealis, Arctic Warbler, Blasius, 1858, (LC)
• Kamtsjatkasongar, Phylloscopus examinandus, Kamchatka Leaf Warbler, Stresemann, 1913, (LC)
• Brunkronesongar, Phylloscopus castaniceps, Chestnut-crowned Warbler, Hodgson, 1845, (LC)
• Brunhovudsongar, Phylloscopus montis, Yellow-breasted Warbler, Sharpe, 1887, (LC)
• Sundasongar, Phylloscopus grammiceps, Sunda Warbler, Strickland, 1849, (LC)
• Karstsongar, Phylloscopus calciatilis, Limestone Leaf Warbler, Alström, Davidson, Duckworth, Eames, Le, Nguyen, Olsson, Robson & Timmins, 2009, (LC)
• Burmasongar, Phylloscopus cantator, Yellow-vented Warbler, Tickell, 1833, (LC)
• Svovelsongar, Phylloscopus ricketti, Sulphur-breasted Warbler, Slater, 1897, (LC)
• Vestkronsongar, Phylloscopus occipitalis, Western Crowned Warbler, Blyth, 1845, (LC)
• Gulbandsongar, Phylloscopus reguloides, Blyth's Leaf Warbler, Blyth, 1842, (LC)
• Hansongar, Phylloscopus claudiae, Claudia's Leaf Warbler, La Touche, 1922, (LC)
• Zhuangsongar, Phylloscopus goodsoni, Hartert's Leaf Warbler, E. Hartert, 1910, (LC)
• Gråkappesongar, Phylloscopus xanthoschistos, Gray-hooded Warbler, Gray, 1846, (LC)
• Brokhalesongar, Phylloscopus intensior, Davison's Leaf Warbler, Deignan, 1956, (LC)
• Hainansongar, Phylloscopus hainanus, Hainan Leaf Warbler, Olsson, Alström & Colston, 1993, (VU)
• Tonkinsongar, Phylloscopus ogilviegranti, Kloss's Leaf Warbler, La Touche, 1922, (LC)
• Bergsongar, Phylloscopus trivirgatus, Mountain Leaf Warbler, Strickland, 1849, (LC)
• Timorsongar, Phylloscopus presbytes, Timor Leaf Warbler, Blyth, 1870, (LC)
• Rotesongar, Phylloscopus rotiensis, Rote Leaf Warbler, Ng et al., 2018, (NT)
• Makirasongar, Phylloscopus makirensis, Makira Leaf Warbler, Mayr, 1935, (LC)
• Sulawesisongar, Phylloscopus sarasinorum, Sulawesi Leaf Warbler, Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896, (LC)
• Papuasongar, Phylloscopus maforensis, Island Leaf Warbler, Meyer, 1874, (VU)
• Kolombangarasongar, Phylloscopus amoenus, Kolombangara Leaf Warbler, Hartert, 1929, (VU)

Kjelder

• Denne artikkelen bygger på «Leaf-warbler» frå Wikipedia på engelsk, den 16. oktober 2010, artikkelen gav følgjande referansar:

• Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G.P.; Olsson, Urban & Sundberg, Per (2006) Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2): 381–397. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015

• Badyaev Alexander V. & Leaf, Elizabeth S. (1997) Habitat associations of song characteristics in Phylloscopus and Hippolais warblers. Auk 114(1): 40-46. PDF fulltext Arkivert 2008-10-14 ved Wayback Machine.

• Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-96553-06-X.